Reported Speech acontece quando reproduzimos a fala de outrem em um texto.
Ex.: She said: "I will clean the kitchen."
Direct Speech
Ocorre quando a fala é reproduzida na íntegra, tal como foi dita ou escrita. Na escrita, aparece entre aspas.
Ex.: My father said: "I ate bread for breakfast this morning."
Indirect Speech
Ocorre quando se reproduz a fala com as palavras do narrador. A fala citada faz parte da fala do narrador.
Ex.: My father said that he had eaten bread for breakfast that morning.
Quando a fala citada é incorporada à voz narrativa, são necessárias algumas alterações. Além do tempo verbal, alguns termos e expressões precisam ser alterados.
Tempos Verbais
Ex.: She said: "I will clean the kitchen."
Direct Speech
Ocorre quando a fala é reproduzida na íntegra, tal como foi dita ou escrita. Na escrita, aparece entre aspas.
Ex.: My father said: "I ate bread for breakfast this morning."
Indirect Speech
Ocorre quando se reproduz a fala com as palavras do narrador. A fala citada faz parte da fala do narrador.
Ex.: My father said that he had eaten bread for breakfast that morning.
Quando a fala citada é incorporada à voz narrativa, são necessárias algumas alterações. Além do tempo verbal, alguns termos e expressões precisam ser alterados.
Tempos Verbais
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Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
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Simple
Present
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Simple
Past
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Simple
Past
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Past
Perfect
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Present
Perfect
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Past
Perfect
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Present
Continuous
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Past
Continuous
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Past
Continuous
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Past
Perfect Continuous
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Past
Perfect
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Past
Perfect
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Will
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Would
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Would
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Would
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Can
|
Could
|
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Could
|
Could
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Exemplos:
He said: "I play soccer on Tuesdays" → He said he played soccer on Tuesdays.
He said: "I saw your sister" → He said he had seen my sister.
He said: "She was working" → He said she had been working.
He said: "They will come back" → He said they would come back.
Expressões
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Direct Speech
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Indirect Speech
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Here
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There
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Now
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Then
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Today
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That day
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Tonight
|
That
night
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Yesterday
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The
previous day / the day before
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Tomorrow
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The
following day / the next day
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This
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That
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Exemplos:
He said: "I am here" → He said he was there.
He said: "I am studying now" → He said he was studing then.
He said: "I did my homework today" → He said he had done his homework that day.
He said: "I read this book" → He said he had read that book.
Além das expressões e estruturas mencionadas acima, é preciso adequar também os possessivos e os pronomes pessoais.
Exemplos:
She said: "I lost my cell phone" → She said she had lost her cell phone.
He said: "Where is your book?" → He asked where my book was.
